Use a multi-stage Docker build with Next's standalone output

Install with npm ci, ship only the standalone server and its traced
dependencies, and run as a non-root user. Shrinks the image from
1.78 GB to 438 MB.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
-FROM node:26-alpine
+FROM node:26-alpine AS deps
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
-COPY package.json ./
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
-COPY package-lock.json ./
+RUN npm ci
-RUN npm install
 
+
+FROM node:26-alpine AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
 COPY . .
 
 # NEXT_PUBLIC_* values are inlined at build time, and pages are prerendered
@@ -17,6 +22,25 @@ ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_UMAMI_WEBSITE_ID
 
 RUN npm run build
 
+
+# Only the standalone server and its traced dependencies end up in the final
+# image, not the full node_modules or the source
+FROM node:26-alpine AS runner
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+ENV PORT=9000
+ENV HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0
+
+# The server writes regenerated pages to .next, so the files must be owned by
+# the user it runs as
+COPY --from=builder --chown=node:node /app/.next/standalone ./
+COPY --from=builder --chown=node:node /app/.next/static ./.next/static
+COPY --from=builder --chown=node:node /app/public ./public
+
+USER node
+
 EXPOSE 9000
 
-CMD ["npm", "run", "start"]
+CMD ["node", "server.js"]

next.config.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import createNextIntlPlugin from "next-intl/plugin"
 const withNextIntl = createNextIntlPlugin()
 
 const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
+  // Bundles a minimal server with only the needed dependencies, used by the
+  // Docker image
+  output: "standalone",
   images: {
     remotePatterns: [
       {